Prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of lipomatous neurofibromas in neurofibromatosis 1: An investigation of 229 cutaneous neurofibromas and a systematic review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Lipomatous neurofibroma (Lnf) is a histopathological variant with adipocytes noted among cells of cutaneous neurofibromas. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinicopathological features of Lnfs of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)-associated cutaneous neurofibromas and to review the literature systematically. We also evaluated the expression of leptin (a hormone involved in lipid metabolism) in neurofibromas to better understand the pathogenesis of Lnfs. METHODS: A prospective histologic study was conducted on 229 cutaneous neurofibromas from 85 NF1 individuals. Leptin expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in 111 cutaneous neurofibromas. To systematically review the literature, two authors independently performed literature searches without year restriction. RESULTS: Forty (17.5%) neurofibromas were lipomatous. Lnfs were significantly larger lesions and associated with females. Eighteen (7.9%) of all neurofibromas had multinucleated floret-like giant cells, and these were associated with Lnfs. All neurofibromas expressed leptin. We systematically reviewed 13 articles. Three large studies investigated Lnfs mainly in sporadic neurofibromas and suggested that 0.3% to 8.0% of tumors (NF1 and sporadic) are Lnfs. CONCLUSION: In NF1, Lnfs are common, mainly in larger tumors and women. All cutaneous NF1-neurofibromas express leptin. It is unknown if the expression of leptin accounts for the lipomatous variant, but it may have a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous neurofibroma.

Use of dermoglandular flap (Burow's triangle) after neoadjuvance in upper quadrant tumors of the breast / Uso de retalho dermoglandular (triângulo de Burow) pós neoadjuvância em tumores do quadrante superior da mama

Mastectomy has been, in the past, the first treatment of choice for locally advanced breast tumors, especially when the neoadjuvant response is partial, and the tumor's location doesn't allow an aesthetic outcome when using usual quadrantectomy. Oncoplastic techniques are good solutions for these tumors allowing to resect big areas, removing the whole tumor and preserving breast symmetry. This case describes a dermoglandular flap technique to be used in advanced upper quadrant tumors in post neoadjuvance patients

A mastectomia foi, no passado, o tratamento de escolha para tumores localmente avançados da mama, especialmente quando a resposta neoadjuvante é parcial e a localização tumoral não permite um bom resultado estético usando como técnica a quadrantectomia. Técnicas oncoplásticas são ótimas opções para esses tumores, uma vez que se ressecam grandes áreas, removendo todo o tumor e preservando a simetria mamária. Este caso descreve uma técnica de retalho dermoglandular a ser usado em tumores do quadrante superior em uma paciente pós-neoadjuvância

VALIDATION OF NCCN CRITERIA FOR GENETIC TESTING IN HBOC SYNDROME IN BRAZIL / Validação dos critérios da NCCN para testagem genética na Síndrome de Câncer de Mama e Ovário Hereditários no Brasil

Objective: To identify genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in women suspected of HBOC syndrome and to correlate them with NCCN testing criteria to verify its impact on mutation finding rates, as well as to identify the relevant criteria, the frequency and type of found mutations and the relative importance of each NCCN criteria. Methodology: A database with all the cases tested for HBOC by the second author from 2010 to 2016 was built, and the variables of interest were annotated and then analyzed with a statistical package to find the relevant variables. Results: A total of 171 patients was tested and 38 had deleterious mutations (22%). Criteria with significant association to the present mutations were the total numbers of relatives with cancer (p=0.02) and Ashkenazi lineage (p=0.001). Age of the youngest relative with cancer below 49 was not significant in this sample (p=0.1). There is a strong correlation between mutated patients and NCCN criteria (p=0.0001), but we found no such correlation between the presence of NCCN testing criteria and the presence of mutation (p=0.11). Regarding the use of NCCN criteria to find BRCA mutations, sensitivity was 0.947, specificity was 0.068, PPV was 0.225 and NPP was 0.818. Accuracy was 0.263. Conclusion: The incidence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 deleterious mutations in our study was similar to that found in other populations. NCCN criteria were a poor predictor of deleterious mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in general, although most mutant patients had at least one NCCN testing criteria, specially increasing number of affected relatives and Ashkenazi lineage.

Objetivo: Identificar as mutações genéticas nos genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 em mulheres com suspeita de Síndrome de Câncer de Mama e Ovário Hereditários e correlacioná-las com os critérios de testagem da National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), a fim de verificar o seu impacto nas taxas de achados de mutação, bem como identificar os critérios relevantes, a frequência e o tipo de mutações encontradas e a importância relativa de cada critério da NCCN. Metodologia: Desenvolveu-se uma base de dados com todos os casos testados para a Síndrome de Câncer de Mama e Ovário Hereditários pelo segundo autor de 2010 a 2016. As variáveis de interesse foram anotadas e, em seguida, analisadas por meio de um pacote estatístico para encontrar variáveis relevantes. Resultados: Um total de 171 pacientes foi testado e 38 apresentavam mutações prejudiciais (22%). Os critérios com uma associação significativa às mutações presentes foram os números totais de parentes com câncer (p=0,02) e a descendência Ashkenazi (p=0,001). A idade do parente mais jovem com câncer abaixo de 49 anos não foi significativa nesta amostra (p=0,1). Houve uma forte correlação entre pacientes com mutações e os critérios da NCCN (p=0,0001), mas não encontramos tal correlação entre a presença de testes de NCCN e a presença de mutação (p=0,11). Com relação ao uso dos critérios da NCCN para encontrar mutações BRCA, a sensibilidade foi de 0,947, a especificidade foi de 0,068, PPV foi de 0,225 e NPP foi de 0,818. A acurácia foi de 0,263. Conclusão: A incidência de mutações prejudiciais de BRCA1 e BRCA2 em nosso estudo foi semelhante àquela encontrada em outras populações. Os critérios da NCCN foram preditores fracos de mutação prejudicial no BRCA1 e no BRCA2 no geral, embora a maioria dos pacientes mutantes tenha tido, no mínimo, um critério de teste da NCCN, especialmente aumentando o número de parentes afetados e a descendência Ashkenazi.

Breast cancer and neurofibromatosis type 1: a diagnostic challenge in patients with a high number of neurofibromas.

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis 1 is one of the most common genetic diseases in humans, presenting with multiple neurofibromas and an increased risk of various benign and malignant tumors, including breast cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: In this paper we report a case of a woman with neurofibromatosis 1 and the challenge associated with detecting an advanced breast cancer because of numerous skin neurofibromas, which were responsible for a substantial delay in cancer diagnosis. Literature concerning the association of neurofibromatosis 1 and breast cancer is reviewed and discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Best practice guidelines for breast cancer detection are not sufficient for the screening of neurofibromatosis 1 carriers. A more intensive clinical and imaging approach should be used if the same early detection rate as in non-neurofibromatosis 1 women is to be achieved.

Two cases of male breast cancer at a university hospital in southeast Brazil.

We report two rare cases of breast cancer in men treated with modified radical mastectomy. The patients were aged 67 and 45 years at the time of diagnosis. Tumor sizes were 2 cm and 8 cm in the older and younger patient, respectively. The histopathologic diagnosis was infiltrating ductal carcinoma in the first patient and infiltrating papillary carcinoma in the second patient. Immunohistochemical tests demonstrated estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity and HER2/c-erbB-2 negativity in both cases. The rarity of these cases is noted, in view of their uncommon occurrence at an early age in men and their immunophenotypic positivity, similar to breast cancer in women.